While India proudly exports millions of tons of rice and other food grains to countries worldwide, a stark contrast emerges within its borders—stories of hunger and starvation deaths in Odisha’s tribal regions. These incidents not only highlight the acute food insecurity faced by marginalized communities but also challenge the government’s claims of poverty reduction and development. The reliance on wild mango kernels as a substitute for proper nutrition in these areas paints a grim picture of desperation and systemic neglect. This article delves into the harsh realities of tribal hunger, the shortcomings of government policies, and the urgent need for sustainable solutions.
The Bitter Truth of Hunger: Mango Kernels as Food
In Odisha’s southern and western districts like Koraput, Rayagada, Kandhamal, Kalahandi, and Balangir, wild mango kernels have become a survival food for tribal communities. When families have nothing left to eat, they process these kernels into porridge. However, improper storage of these kernels can lead to mold growth, making them hazardous to health.
Government Claims vs. Ground Reality
The Odisha government claims a significant reduction in poverty. For instance, between 2015-16 and 2019-21, multidimensional poverty reportedly dropped by 48%. However, the reality on the ground tells a different story.
According to the National Family Health Survey (2019-2021):
65.6% of rural children in Odisha are anemic.
65.2% of women and 62% of pregnant women also suffer from anemia.
In Kandhamal district, 34.2% of children under five are stunted, and 23.2% are severely malnourished.
India ranks 105th out of 127 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2024, reflecting a “severe” level of hunger.
Food Insecurity and Failure of Government Programs
Despite the National Food Security Act (NFSA) ensuring free grain to the poor, ration supplies in Odisha’s tribal regions remain inconsistent. Families often receive rations not monthly but once every two or three months.
This worsens the condition of tribal communities. Their diet predominantly consists of carbohydrates, with minimal or no protein and fat intake. Consequently, cases of anemia and malnutrition are on the rise.
Dependency on Mango Kernels: Compulsion or Tradition?
Consumption of mango kernel porridge and associated deaths are not new. Similar incidents occurred in the 1990s and again in 2001. Despite the risks, villagers continue consuming it due to the lack of alternatives. Experts see this practice as a clear indication of severe food crises.
Government Response and Reality
On November 27, the Odisha government denied hunger-related deaths, claiming that the affected families had sufficient rations. The government has ordered investigations and provided financial assistance to the families. However, is this enough?
Addressing Hunger: What Needs to Be Done?
To resolve the crisis of food insecurity and malnutrition in tribal regions, it is essential to:
- Regularize and streamline the ration distribution system.
- Provide access to nutritious food for tribal communities.
- Improve resources and facilities for farming and agriculture.
- Conduct awareness campaigns for better food management and storage practices.
Until the government focuses on ground realities instead of paper claims, India’s dream of being “self-reliant” will remain incomplete, and Odisha’s tribal communities will continue to live under the shadow of hunger.
